由于冷作模具多為常溫下工作，材料的塑性變形抗力大，模具的工作應力大，工作條件苛刻，綜合起來這類模具性能上一般要求高的硬度和耐磨性、足夠的強度、適當的韌性。下面來講講低合金冷作模具鋼的應用。

As most cold working dies work at room temperature, the plastic deformation resistance of the materials is large, the working stress of the dies is large, and the working conditions are harsh. In general, the performance of such dies requires high hardness, wear resistance, sufficient strength, and appropriate toughness. Now let's talk about the application of low alloy cold work die steel.

簡單模具可選用高碳鋼如T10A，但高碳鋼淬透性差、淬火變形大、耐磨性低、強韌性和回火穩定性都較差，因此不能用來制作形狀復雜、精度要求高、承載力大的工模具。

High carbon steel, such as T10A, can be used for simple dies, but high carbon steel has poor hardenability, large quenching deformation, low wear resistance, strength and toughness, and poor tempering stability, so it cannot be used to make tools and dies with complex shape, high precision requirements, and large bearing capacity.

為了適用模具的性能需要而發展起來的高碳低合金鋼是在碳素工具鋼基礎上加入適當的合金元素如鉻、鎳、錳、鉬、鈦、鎢、釩、硅等元素冶煉而成的。

The high carbon low alloy steel developed to meet the requirements of die performance is smelted by adding appropriate alloy elements such as chromium, nickel, manganese, molybdenum, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, silicon, etc. on the basis of carbon tool steel.

常用的有CrWMn、9SiCr、9Mn2V、GCr15等，合金元素的加入提高了鋼的淬透性，油冷代替水冷降低了模具變形和開裂的傾向，馬氏體在回火時不易分解，分解后析出的碳化物又不易聚集長大、低溫回火后有較高的強韌性和耐磨性，模具使用壽命可大幅提高。

The commonly used ones are CrWMn, 9SiCr, 9Mn2V, GCr15, etc. The addition of alloy elements improves the hardenability of the steel. Oil cooling instead of water cooling reduces the tendency of die deformation and cracking. Martensite is not easy to decompose during tempering, and the carbide precipitated after decomposition is not easy to gather and grow up. After low temperature tempering, it has high strength, toughness and wear resistance, and the service life of the die can be greatly improved.

近年來我國研制了一些新型低合金冷作模具鋼，這些鋼的主要特點是合金總量低、淬透性好、淬火溫度低、熱處理畸變小、強韌性好、并且有適當的耐磨性，如GD(6CrMnNiMoVSi)鋼、CH(7CrSiMnMoV)鋼、DS（6CrMnNiMoVWSi）鋼和CrNiWMoV鋼等。

In recent years, China has developed some new low alloy cold work die steels. The main characteristics of these steels are low total alloy, good hardenability, low quenching temperature, small heat treatment distortion, good strength and toughness, and appropriate wear resistance, such as GD (6CrMnNiMoVSi) steel, CH (7CrSiMnMoV) steel, DS (6CrMnNiMoVWSi) steel, CrNiWMoV steel, etc.

其中GD鋼中加入少量Ni、Si，既強化了基體又提高了低溫回火抗力，Mo和V的加入可細化晶粒，用于制造易崩刃、易斷裂的模具，有較高的使用壽命。DS鋼是一種抗沖擊冷作模具鋼，其韌性顯著優于常用的高韌性刀片用工具鋼。

The addition of a small amount of Ni and Si in GD steel not only strengthens the matrix but also improves the low temperature tempering resistance. The addition of Mo and V can refine the grain, which is used to manufacture the die that is easy to crack and fracture, and has a high service life. DS steel is a kind of impact resistant cold work die steel, and its toughness is significantly better than the commonly used tool steel for high toughness blades.

CH鋼的成分與日本SX105V鋼相同，是一種火焰淬火模具鋼，常用于制造汽車等生產線上用的模具零件，火焰淬火時，加熱模具刃口切料面，硬化層下有一個高韌性的基體做襯墊，從而獲得較高的使用壽命。

The composition of CH steel is the same as that of SX105V steel in Japan. It is a kind of flame hardening die steel, which is commonly used to manufacture die parts used in automobile production lines. During flame quenching, the cutting surface of the die edge is heated, and a high toughness matrix is used as the liner under the hardened layer, so as to obtain a higher service life.

在冷作模具鋼中加入合金元素時，主要是為了提高淬透性和耐磨性，對于耐磨性要求高的模具，多采用加入碳化物形成元素，例如Cr、Mo、W、V等元素的多元合金鋼。關注我們http://www.6886774.cn，了解更多！

When alloy elements are added to cold work die steel, it is mainly to improve the hardenability and wear resistance. For dies with high wear resistance requirements, multi-element alloy steel with carbide forming elements, such as Cr, Mo, W, V, etc., is often used. Follow us http://www.6886774.cn , learn more!