冷作模具鋼的強韌化處理工藝主要包括：低淬低回、高淬高回、微細化處理、等溫和分級淬火等。下面來適當了解一些內容吧。

The strengthening and toughening processes of cold working die steel mainly include low quenching and low recovery, high quenching and high recovery, micronization, isothermal and step quenching, etc. Let's have a proper understanding of some content.

(1)冷作模具鋼的低溫淬火工藝所謂低溫淬火是指低于該鋼的傳統淬火溫度進行的淬火操作。實踐證明，適當地降低淬火溫度，降低硬度，提高韌性，無論是碳素工具鋼、合金工具鋼還是高速鋼都可以不同程度地提高韌性和沖擊疲勞抗力，降低冷作模具脆斷、脆裂的傾向性。表是幾種常用冷作模具鋼的低淬低回強韌化處理規范，以供選擇。

(1) Low temperature quenching process of cold working die steel the so-called low temperature quenching refers to the quenching operation carried out at a temperature lower than the traditional quenching temperature of the steel. It has been proved that the toughness and impact fatigue resistance of carbon tool steel, alloy tool steel and high-speed steel can be improved to varying degrees by properly reducing the quenching temperature, hardness and toughness, and reducing the tendency of brittle fracture and brittle fracture of cold working dies. The table shows the low quench and low return strength and toughening treatment specifications for several common cold working die steels for selection.

(2)冷作模具鋼的高溫淬火工藝對于一些低淬透性的冷作模具鋼，為了提高淬硬層厚度，常常采用提高淬火溫度的方法，如t7a—tloa鋼制25-50mm的模具，淬火溫度可提高到830—860℃；gcr15（或cr2）鋼的淬火溫度可由原來的860℃提高到900—920℃，模具的使用壽命可提高一倍以上。

(2) High temperature quenching process of cold working die steels for some cold working die steels with low hardenability, in order to increase the thickness of the hardened layer, the method of increasing the quenching temperature is often used, such as the 25-50mm die made of t7a-tloa steel, the quenching temperature can be increased to 830-860 ℃; The quenching temperature of GCr15 (or CR2) steel can be increased from 860 ℃ to 900-920 ℃, and the service life of the die can be more than doubled.

一些抗沖擊冷作模具鋼，采用高溫淬火，具有較高斷裂韌度、沖擊韌度和優良的耐磨性，如60s12mn鋼采用920—950℃淬火，鉻鎢硅系鋼采用950—980℃淬火，模具壽命都有大幅度提高。

Some impact resistant cold working die steels are quenched at high temperature, which have high fracture toughness, impact toughness and excellent wear resistance. For example, 60s12mn steel is quenched at 920-950 ℃ and chromium tungsten silicon series steel is quenched at 950-980 ℃, which greatly improves the service life of the die.

(3)冷作模具鋼的微細化處理微細化處理包括鋼中基體組織的細化和碳化物的細化兩個方面。基體組織的細化可提高鋼的強韌性，碳化物的細化不僅有利于增加鋼的強韌性，而且可增加鋼的耐磨性。微細化處理的方法通常有兩種：

(3) The fine treatment of cold working die steel includes two aspects: the refinement of matrix structure and the refinement of carbide. The refinement of matrix structure can improve the strength and toughness of steel. The refinement of carbide is not only beneficial to increase the strength and toughness of steel, but also can increase the wear resistance of steel. There are usually two methods of micronization:

1)四步熱處理法。冷作模具鋼的預備熱處理一般都采用球化退火，但球化退火組織經淬回火，其中碳化物的均勻性、圓整度和顆粒大小等因素對鋼的強韌性和耐磨性的影響尚不夠理想。采用四步熱處理法，可使鋼的組織和性能得到很大的改善，模具的使用壽命可提高1.5~3倍。具體工藝過程為：一步，采用高溫奧氏體化，然后淬火或等溫淬火；第二步是高溫軟化回火，回火溫度以不超過為界，從而得到回火托氏體或回火索氏體；第三步為低溫淬火，由于淬火溫度低，已細化的碳化物不會溶人奧氏體而得以保存；第四步為低溫回火。

1) Four step heat treatment. Spheroidizing annealing is generally used in the preparation heat treatment of cold working die steel, but the influence of carbide uniformity, roundness and particle size on the strength, toughness and wear resistance of the steel is not ideal. The four step heat treatment method can greatly improve the structure and properties of the steel, and the service life of the die can be increased by 1.5~3 times. The specific process is as follows: one step, high-temperature austenitizing, then quenching or isothermal quenching; The second step is softening and tempering at high temperature, and the tempering temperature is limited to no more than, so as to obtain tempered troostite or tempered sorbite; The third step is low-temperature quenching, because the quenching temperature is low, the refined carbide will not dissolve into austenite and can be preserved; The fourth step is low temperature tempering.

在有些情況下，可取消模具毛坯的球化退火工序，而用上述工藝中一步加第二步作為模具的預備熱處理，并可在一步結合模具的鍛造進行鍛造余熱淬火，以減少能耗，提高工效。

In some cases, the spheroidizing annealing process of the die blank can be canceled, and one step plus the second step in the above process can be used as the preliminary heat treatment of the die, and the forging waste heat quenching can be carried out in one step in combination with the forging of the die, so as to reduce energy consumption and improve work efficiency.

典型的四步熱處理工藝規范如下：

Typical four step heat treatment process specifications are as follows:

①9mn2v鋼：820℃油冷+650℃回火+750℃油冷+200℃回火。

① 9mn2v steel: 820 ℃ oil cooling +650 ℃ tempering +750 ℃ oil cooling +200 ℃ tempering.

②ccr15鋼：1050℃奧氏體化后180℃分級淬火+400℃回火+830℃加熱保溫后油冷+200℃回火。

② Ccr15 steel: 1050 ℃ austenitizing, 180 ℃ step quenching +400 ℃ tempering +830 ℃ heating, oil cooling +200 ℃ tempering.

③crwmn鋼：970℃奧氏體化后油冷+560℃回火+820℃加熱保溫后280℃等溫th+200℃回火。

③ CrWMn steel: 970 ℃ oil cooling after austenitizing +560 ℃ tempering +820 ℃ heating and holding 280 ℃ isothermal th+200 ℃ tempering.

2)循環超細化處理。將冷作模具鋼以較快速度加熱到ac1或(acm)以上的溫度，經短時停留后立即淬火冷卻，如此循環多次。由于每加熱一次晶粒都得到一次細化，同時在快速奧氏體化過程中又保留了相當數量的未溶細小碳化物，循環次數一般控制在2—4次，因此，經處理后的模具鋼可獲得12-14級超細化晶粒，模具使用壽命可提高1-4倍左右。

2) Cycle super refinement. The cold working die steel is heated to the temperature of AC1 or above (ACM) at a faster speed, Quenched and cooled immediately after a short stay, and such cycles are repeated. As the grains are refined once every heating, and a considerable amount of insoluble fine carbides are retained in the rapid austenitizing process, the cycle times are generally controlled at 2-4 times. Therefore, the treated die steel can obtain 12-14 grade ultra-fine grains, and the service life of the die can be increased by about 1-4 times.

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