模具鋼硬度是衡量模具鋼質量的主要標準。一旦出現模具鋼硬度不均的問題，可以說這種模具鋼已經是廢鋼了。為了防止模具鋼硬度不均的問題，小編收集了一些模具。鋼材硬度不均的原因及對策，小編將與大家分享。

The hardness of die steel is the main standard to measure the quality of die steel. Once the problem of uneven hardness of die steel occurs, it can be said that this kind of die steel is already scrap. In order to prevent uneven hardness of die steel, Xiaobian collected some dies. The reasons and Countermeasures for uneven hardness of steel will be shared with you.

產生原因

Cause

1）模具截面大，鋼的淬透性差。例如，大型模具選用淬透性低的鋼。

1) The die section is large and the hardenability of steel is poor. For example, steel with low hardenability is selected for large molds.

2）模具鋼原始組織中碳化物偏析嚴重或組織粗大，鋼中存在石墨碳和碳化物的偏析和聚集。

2) The carbide segregation in the original structure of die steel is serious or coarse, and the segregation and aggregation of graphite carbon and carbide exist in the steel.

3）模鍛工藝不正確，鍛后球化退火不好，使模具鋼球化不良。

3) Incorrect die forging process and poor spheroidizing annealing after forging result in poor spheroidizing of die steel.

4)退火或淬火加熱時產生的脫碳層沒有從模具表面去除。

4) The decarburized layer produced during annealing or quenching heating is not removed from the die surface.

5）模具淬火溫度過高，淬火后殘余奧氏體量過多；或淬火溫度過低，加熱保溫時間不夠，使模具鋼相變不完全。

5) The quenching temperature of the die is too high, and there is too much residual austenite after quenching; Or the quenching temperature is too low and the heating and holding time is not enough, so that the transformation of die steel is incomplete.

6）模具淬火加熱后，冷卻速度太慢，級配等溫溫度過高或時間過長，淬火冷卻介質選擇不當。

6) After quenching and heating, the cooling speed is too slow, the grading isothermal temperature is too high or the time is too long, and the quenching cooling medium is improperly selected.

7）堿浴水分太少，或淬火冷卻介質雜質過多，或淬火冷卻介質老化。

7) There is too little water in the alkali bath, or there are too many impurities in the quenching cooling medium, or the quenching cooling medium is aging.

8）模具淬火冷卻后，淬火冷卻介質溫度過高，冷卻不充分。

8) After the die is quenched and cooled, the quenching cooling medium temperature is too high and the cooling is insufficient.

9）回火不足，回火溫度高。

9) Insufficient tempering and high tempering temperature.

應對方法

Coping methods

1）正確選擇模具鋼的種類，大型模具應選用淬透性高的高合金模具鋼。

1) The type of die steel should be selected correctly. High alloy die steel with high hardenability should be selected for large dies.

2）加強原材料檢驗，確保原材料符合標準。對劣質原料鋼進行合理的鍛造和球化退火，保證良好的組織。碳素工具鋼不易多次退火以防止石墨化。

2) Strengthen raw material inspection to ensure that raw materials meet the standards. Reasonable forging and spheroidizing annealing shall be carried out for inferior raw steel to ensure good microstructure. Carbon tool steel is not easy to be annealed many times to prevent graphitization.

3）嚴格執行鍛造工藝和球化退火工藝，保證良好的預備熱處理組織。

3) Strictly implement the forging process and spheroidizing annealing process to ensure good preliminary heat treatment structure.

4）熱處理前，應將模具表面的銹斑和氧化皮徹底，并注意加熱時的保護。盡量采用真空加熱淬火或保護氣氛加熱淬火。鹽浴加熱時應進行良好的脫氧處理。

4) Before heat treatment, the rust spots and oxide scales on the mold surface shall be completely removed, and attention shall be paid to the protection during heating. Vacuum heating quenching or protective atmosphere heating quenching shall be adopted as far as possible. Good deoxidation treatment shall be carried out during salt bath heating.

5）正確制定模具淬火加熱工藝參數，保證充分的相變，并以大于臨界冷卻速度的冷卻速度進行快速冷卻，以獲得合格的金相組織。

5) The quenching and heating process parameters of the die shall be correctly formulated to ensure sufficient phase transformation, and the rapid cooling shall be carried out at a cooling rate greater than the critical cooling rate, so as to obtain qualified metallographic structure.

6）正確選擇淬火冷卻介質和冷卻方式，嚴格控制級配和等溫溫度和時間。

6) Correctly select quenching cooling medium and cooling mode, and strictly control grading, isothermal temperature and time.

7）嚴格控制堿浴的水分含量，長期使用的淬火冷卻介質要定期過濾更換，保持清潔，定期檢查其淬冷特性曲線。

7) Strictly control the moisture content of the alkali bath, regularly filter and replace the quenching cooling medium used for a long time, keep it clean, and regularly check its quenching characteristic curve.

8）對于大型模具，適當延長浸入淬火冷卻介質的時間，防止淬火冷卻介質溫度過高。

8) For large molds, the immersion time of quenching cooling medium shall be appropriately extended to prevent the quenching cooling medium from overheating.

9)濟南模具鋼淬火后應及時充分回火，防止回火溫度過高。

9) Jinan die steel should be fully tempered in time after quenching to prevent the tempering temperature from being too high.

10)對硬度要求較高的模具可采用深冷處理（如-110～-196℃）。

10) Deep cooling treatment (e.g. -110 ~ -196 ℃) can be adopted for molds with high hardness requirements.

11）進行表面強化處理。

11) Conduct surface strengthening treatment.

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